Consumer Price Index, Australia

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The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures household inflation and includes statistics about price change for categories of household expenditure

Reference period

December 2021

Released

25/01/2022

View all releases

Key statistics

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 1.3% this quarter.
Over the twelve months to the December 2021 quarter, the CPI rose 3.5%.
The most significant price rises were for New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers (+4.2%) and Automotive fuel (+6.6%).

What's new this quarter

This issue includes the introduction of updated CPI weighting patterns. For more details see 2021 weight update of the CPI and Living Cost Indexes.
Measures of Non-discretionary and Discretionary inflation have been included in the CPI tables for the first time this quarter. Indexes can be found in Table 8 of the 'Data Downloads' tab. For more information on these measures see Measuring Non-discretionary and Discretionary Inflation.
This release includes an update to the article on 'Automotive fuel in the CPI'.

Main features

All groups CPI, quarterly change
Quarter	Change from previous quarter
Dec-12	0.2
Mar-13	0.4
Jun-13	0.4
Sep-13	1.2
Dec-13	0.8
Mar-14	0.6
Jun-14	0.5
Sep-14	0.5
Dec-14	0.2
Mar-15	0.2
Jun-15	0.7
Sep-15	0.5
Dec-15	0.4
Mar-16	-0.2
Jun-16	0.4
Sep-16	0.7
Dec-16	0.5
Mar-17	0.5
Jun-17	0.2
Sep-17	0.6
Dec-17	0.6
Mar-18	0.4
Jun-18	0.4
Sep-18	0.4
Dec-18	0.5
Mar-19	0
Jun-19	0.6
Sep-19	0.5
Dec-19	0.7
Mar-20	0.3
Jun-20	-1.9
Sep-20	1.6
Dec-20	0.9
Mar-21	0.6
Jun-21	0.8
Sep-21	0.8
Dec-21	1.3

All groups CPI, quarterly change

["Quarter","Change from previous quarter"]

[["Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[1.2],[0.80000000000000004],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.69999999999999996],[0.5],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[0.59999999999999998],[0.59999999999999998],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[0],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.29999999999999999],[-1.8999999999999999],[1.6000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[0.59999999999999998],[0.80000000000000004],[0.80000000000000004],[1.3]]]

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Weighted average of eight capital cities
		Sep Qtr 2021 to Dec Qtr 2021	Dec Qtr 2020 to Dec Qtr 2021
		% change	% change
All groups CPI		1.3	3.5
Food and non-alcoholic beverages		0.7	1.9
Alcohol and tobacco		0.9	1.1
Clothing and footwear		2.6	-0.3
Housing		1.8	4.0
Furnishings, household equipment and services		1.1	3.6
Health		-0.3	3.3
Transport		2.8	12.5
Communication		0.1	-0.5
Recreation and culture		1.5	2.1
Education		0.1	0.6
Insurance and financial services		1.2	2.2
CPI analytical series
	All groups CPI, seasonally adjusted	1.3	3.7
	Trimmed mean	1.0	2.6
	Weighted median	0.9	2.7

Overview

Underlying inflation highest since 2014

Annual CPI inflation increased to 3.5 per cent in the December quarter, due to higher dwelling construction costs and automotive fuel prices. Trimmed mean annual inflation, which excludes large price rises and falls, increased to 2.6 per cent, the highest since June 2014.

CPI, Trimmed mean & Weighted median: Annual movement (%)
	CPI	Trimmed mean	Weighted median
Dec-13	2.7	2.7	2.9
Mar-14	2.9	2.7	2.7
Jun-14	3	2.8	2.7
Sep-14	2.3	2.4	2.6
Dec-14	1.7	2.2	2.4
Mar-15	1.3	2.3	2.4
Jun-15	1.5	2.2	2.3
Sep-15	1.5	2.1	2.2
Dec-15	1.7	2.1	2
Mar-16	1.3	1.7	1.5
Jun-16	1	1.6	1.3
Sep-16	1.3	1.6	1.1
Dec-16	1.5	1.5	1.2
Mar-17	2.1	1.7	1.6
Jun-17	1.9	1.7	1.9
Sep-17	1.8	1.7	2
Dec-17	1.9	1.7	1.9
Mar-18	1.9	1.7	1.9
Jun-18	2.1	1.6	1.9
Sep-18	1.9	1.7	1.9
Dec-18	1.8	1.8	1.9
Mar-19	1.3	1.6	1.5
Jun-19	1.6	1.6	1.4
Sep-19	1.7	1.6	1.3
Dec-19	1.8	1.5	1.2
Mar-20	2.2	1.7	1.6
Jun-20	-0.3	1.3	1.3
Sep-20	0.7	1.2	1.2
Dec-20	0.9	1.2	1.4
Mar-21	1.1	1.1	1.3
Jun-21	3.8	1.6	1.7
Sep-21	3	2.1	2.2
Dec-21	3.5	2.6	2.7

CPI, Trimmed mean & Weighted median: Annual movement (%)

["","CPI","Trimmed mean","Weighted median"]

[["Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[2.7000000000000002],[2.8999999999999999],[3],[2.2999999999999998],[1.7],[1.3],[1.5],[1.5],[1.7],[1.3],[1],[1.3],[1.5],[2.1000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[2.1000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8],[1.3],[1.6000000000000001],[1.7],[1.8],[2.2000000000000002],[-0.29999999999999999],[0.69999999999999996],[0.90000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[3.7999999999999998],[3],[3.5]],[[2.7000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[2.7999999999999998],[2.3999999999999999],[2.2000000000000002],[2.2999999999999998],[2.2000000000000002],[2.1000000000000001],[2.1000000000000001],[1.7],[1.6000000000000001],[1.6000000000000001],[1.5],[1.7],[1.7],[1.7],[1.7],[1.7],[1.6000000000000001],[1.7],[1.8],[1.6000000000000001],[1.6000000000000001],[1.6000000000000001],[1.5],[1.7],[1.3],[1.2],[1.2],[1.1000000000000001],[1.6000000000000001],[2.1000000000000001],[2.6000000000000001]],[[2.8999999999999999],[2.7000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[2.6000000000000001],[2.3999999999999999],[2.3999999999999999],[2.2999999999999998],[2.2000000000000002],[2],[1.5],[1.3],[1.1000000000000001],[1.2],[1.6000000000000001],[1.8999999999999999],[2],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[1.8999999999999999],[1.5],[1.3999999999999999],[1.3],[1.2],[1.6000000000000001],[1.3],[1.2],[1.3999999999999999],[1.3],[1.7],[2.2000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002]]]

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Rising construction costs drive higher prices for new dwellings

High levels of building construction activity combined with shortages of materials and labour have contributed to two consecutive quarters of the largest rise in new dwelling prices since September 2000, following the introduction of the GST. Fewer payments of Government construction grants compared to the previous quarter also contributed to the rise this quarter. These grants have the effect of reducing out of pocket expenses for new dwellings being purchased.

New dwelling purchase by owner occupier, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)
quarter	Percentage change from previous quarter	Annual percentage change
Jun-99	0.9	4.1
Sep-99	2.0	5.5
Dec-99	3.2	7.9
Mar-00	1.6	7.9
Jun-00	0.5	7.5
Sep-00	8.1	13.9
Dec-00	0.3	10.7
Mar-01	0.1	9.1
Jun-01	-0.3	8.2
Sep-01	0.9	1.0
Dec-01	1.0	1.8
Mar-02	0.9	2.5
Jun-02	1.0	3.8
Sep-02	1.0	3.9
Dec-02	0.7	3.6
Mar-03	1.5	4.3
Jun-03	1.9	5.2
Sep-03	1.7	6.0
Dec-03	1.1	6.4
Mar-04	1.0	5.9
Jun-04	1.4	5.4
Sep-04	1.1	4.7
Dec-04	1.5	5.2
Mar-05	1.4	5.5
Jun-05	0.9	5.0
Sep-05	1.2	5.0
Dec-05	0.8	4.3
Mar-06	0.4	3.3
Jun-06	1.1	3.5
Sep-06	0.2	2.5
Dec-06	0.5	2.1
Mar-07	1.0	2.8
Jun-07	0.9	2.7
Sep-07	1.0	3.5
Dec-07	1.4	4.4
Mar-08	1.7	5.1
Jun-08	1.0	5.1
Sep-08	1.3	5.4
Dec-08	0.2	4.2
Mar-09	-0.5	2.0
Jun-09	0.9	1.8
Sep-09	1.1	1.6
Dec-09	0.9	2.4
Mar-10	1.3	4.2
Jun-10	0.5	3.8
Sep-10	0.5	3.3
Dec-10	0.7	3.0
Mar-11	0.8	2.6
Jun-11	0.4	2.5
Sep-11	-0.1	1.8
Dec-11	0.3	1.4
Mar-12	-0.1	0.5
Jun-12	0.1	0.2
Sep-12	0.9	1.2
Dec-12	0.1	1.0
Mar-13	1.7	2.8
Jun-13	0.9	3.6
Sep-13	0.5	3.2
Dec-13	1.0	4.1
Mar-14	0.1	2.4
Jun-14	1.6	3.2
Sep-14	1.1	3.8
Dec-14	1.1	4.0
Mar-15	0.9	4.8
Jun-15	1.5	4.8
Sep-15	0.7	4.3
Dec-15	0.1	3.3
Mar-16	0.2	2.5
Jun-16	0.9	1.9
Sep-16	0.4	1.6
Dec-16	0.5	2.0
Mar-17	1.0	2.8
Jun-17	0.9	2.8
Sep-17	0.8	3.1
Dec-17	0.6	3.2
Mar-18	0.5	2.7
Jun-18	0.8	2.7
Sep-18	0.1	2.0
Dec-18	0.4	1.8
Mar-19	-0.2	1.2
Jun-19	-0.2	0.2
Sep-19	-0.2	-0.1
Dec-19	0.4	-0.1
Mar-20	0.4	0.5
Jun-20	0.1	0.7
Sep-20	0.5	1.4
Dec-20	0.7	1.7
Mar-21	-0.1	1.2
Jun-21	-0.1	1.0
Sep-21	3.3	3.8
Dec-21	4.2	7.5

GST introduced

New dwelling purchase by owner occupier, Australia, quarterly and annual movement (%)

["quarter","Percentage change from previous quarter","Annual percentage change"]

[["Jun-99","Sep-99","Dec-99","Mar-00","Jun-00","Sep-00","Dec-00","Mar-01","Jun-01","Sep-01","Dec-01","Mar-02","Jun-02","Sep-02","Dec-02","Mar-03","Jun-03","Sep-03","Dec-03","Mar-04","Jun-04","Sep-04","Dec-04","Mar-05","Jun-05","Sep-05","Dec-05","Mar-06","Jun-06","Sep-06","Dec-06","Mar-07","Jun-07","Sep-07","Dec-07","Mar-08","Jun-08","Sep-08","Dec-08","Mar-09","Jun-09","Sep-09","Dec-09","Mar-10","Jun-10","Sep-10","Dec-10","Mar-11","Jun-11","Sep-11","Dec-11","Mar-12","Jun-12","Sep-12","Dec-12","Mar-13","Jun-13","Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[0.90000000000000002],[2],[3.2000000000000002],[1.6000000000000001],[0.5],[8.0999999999999996],[0.29999999999999999],[0.10000000000000001],[-0.29999999999999999],[0.90000000000000002],[1],[0.90000000000000002],[1],[1],[0.69999999999999996],[1.5],[1.8999999999999999],[1.7],[1.1000000000000001],[1],[1.3999999999999999],[1.1000000000000001],[1.5],[1.3999999999999999],[0.90000000000000002],[1.2],[0.80000000000000004],[0.40000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.5],[1],[0.90000000000000002],[1],[1.3999999999999999],[1.7],[1],[1.3],[0.20000000000000001],[-0.5],[0.90000000000000002],[1.1000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[1.3],[0.5],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.80000000000000004],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.10000000000000001],[0.29999999999999999],[-0.10000000000000001],[0.10000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[0.10000000000000001],[1.7],[0.90000000000000002],[0.5],[1],[0.10000000000000001],[1.6000000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[1.5],[0.69999999999999996],[0.10000000000000001],[0.20000000000000001],[0.90000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[1],[0.90000000000000002],[0.80000000000000004],[0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[0.80000000000000004],[0.10000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[-0.20000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[-0.20000000000000001],[0.40000000000000002],[0.40000000000000002],[0.10000000000000001],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[-0.10000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001],[3.2999999999999998],[4.2000000000000002]],[[4.0999999999999996],[5.5],[7.9000000000000004],[7.9000000000000004],[7.5],[13.9],[10.699999999999999],[9.0999999999999996],[8.1999999999999993],[1],[1.8],[2.5],[3.7999999999999998],[3.8999999999999999],[3.6000000000000001],[4.2999999999999998],[5.2000000000000002],[6],[6.4000000000000004],[5.9000000000000004],[5.4000000000000004],[4.7000000000000002],[5.2000000000000002],[5.5],[5],[5],[4.2999999999999998],[3.2999999999999998],[3.5],[2.5],[2.1000000000000001],[2.7999999999999998],[2.7000000000000002],[3.5],[4.4000000000000004],[5.0999999999999996],[5.0999999999999996],[5.4000000000000004],[4.2000000000000002],[2],[1.8],[1.6000000000000001],[2.3999999999999999],[4.2000000000000002],[3.7999999999999998],[3.2999999999999998],[3],[2.6000000000000001],[2.5],[1.8],[1.3999999999999999],[0.5],[0.20000000000000001],[1.2],[1],[2.7999999999999998],[3.6000000000000001],[3.2000000000000002],[4.0999999999999996],[2.3999999999999999],[3.2000000000000002],[3.7999999999999998],[4],[4.7999999999999998],[4.7999999999999998],[4.2999999999999998],[3.2999999999999998],[2.5],[1.8999999999999999],[1.6000000000000001],[2],[2.7999999999999998],[2.7999999999999998],[3.1000000000000001],[3.2000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[2.7000000000000002],[2],[1.8],[1.2],[0.20000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001],[-0.10000000000000001],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[1.3999999999999999],[1.7],[1.2],[1],[3.7999999999999998],[7.5]]]

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Petrol prices at record level

Automotive fuel prices rose for the sixth consecutive quarter, resulting in the strongest annual rise since 1990. The Automotive fuel series reached a record level in the December quarter due to higher global oil prices amid economic recovery and lower global supply. The national quarterly average price for unleaded petrol increased to $1.64 per litre in the December quarter. This release includes an update to the article on the history of 'Automotive fuel in the CPI'.

Quarterly average price of unleaded petrol (91 Octane), cents per litre
Quarter	Quartlery Average, Australia
Sep-13	151.31
Dec-13	148.73
Mar-14	154.8
Jun-14	153.64
Sep-14	147.9
Dec-14	136.4
Mar-15	120.02
Jun-15	136.42
Sep-15	133.76
Dec-15	125.28
Mar-16	111.11
Jun-16	119.19
Sep-16	115.23
Dec-16	123.27
Mar-17	130.86
Jun-17	127
Sep-17	124.2
Dec-17	136.71
Mar-18	137.75
Jun-18	147.11
Sep-18	149.19
Dec-18	144.61
Mar-19	131.92
Jun-19	146.26
Sep-19	143.35
Dec-19	149.89
Mar-20	139.4
Jun-20	110.49
Sep-20	123.34
Dec-20	123.17
Mar-21	134.65
Jun-21	143.59
Sep-21	153.85
Dec-21	164.21

GST introduced

Quarterly average price of unleaded petrol (91 Octane), cents per litre

["Quarter","Quartlery Average, Australia"]

[["Sep-13","Dec-13","Mar-14","Jun-14","Sep-14","Dec-14","Mar-15","Jun-15","Sep-15","Dec-15","Mar-16","Jun-16","Sep-16","Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[151.31],[148.72999999999999],[154.80000000000001],[153.63999999999999],[147.90000000000001],[136.40000000000001],[120.02],[136.41999999999999],[133.75999999999999],[125.28],[111.11],[119.19],[115.23],[123.27],[130.86000000000001],[127],[124.2],[136.71000000000001],[137.75],[147.11000000000001],[149.19],[144.61000000000001],[131.91999999999999],[146.25999999999999],[143.34999999999999],[149.88999999999999],[139.40000000000001],[110.48999999999999],[123.34],[123.17],[134.65000000000001],[143.59],[153.84999999999999],[164.21000000000001]]]

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Price rises for goods outstrips services

Price rises in automotive fuel and new dwelling purchases were the main contributors to Goods inflation in 2021. Prices also increased across a broad range of other goods with strong demand and supply disruptions leading to price rises for goods such as furniture and motor vehicles.

Goods, services and selected goods: Annual movement (%)
	December quarter 2021
Goods - total	4.3
Services - total	2.3
Furniture	5.7
Motor vehicles	6.3
Motor vehicle parts	4.5
Clothing accessories	6.8

Goods, services and selected goods: Annual movement (%)

["","December quarter 2021"]

[["Goods - total","Services - total","Furniture","Motor vehicles","Motor vehicle parts","Clothing accessories"],[[4.2999999999999998],[2.2999999999999998],[5.7000000000000002],[6.2999999999999998],[4.5],[6.7999999999999998]]]

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Two speed rental market continues across capital cities

Rents for Sydney and Melbourne fell again in the December quarter. This is the fourth consecutive quarterly fall for Sydney, and the third consecutive quarterly fall for Melbourne. Rents across the other capital cities continue to rise, reflecting low vacancy rates in those cities.

Rents, percentage change from previous quarter and since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID)
	Percentage change since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID)	Percentage change from previous quarter
Sydney	-4.2	-0.3
Melbourne	-2.5	-0.4
Brisbane	2.5	0.5
Adelaide	3.1	0.7
Perth	7.2	1.6
Hobart	6	1.1
Darwin	5.5	3.1
Canberra	3.6	0.5
Australia	-1.1	0.1

Rents, percentage change from previous quarter and since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID)

["","Percentage change since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID)","Percentage change from previous quarter"]

[["Sydney","Melbourne","Brisbane","Adelaide","Perth","Hobart","Darwin","Canberra","Australia"],[[-4.2000000000000002],[-2.5],[2.5],[3.1000000000000001],[7.2000000000000002],[6],[5.5],[3.6000000000000001],[-1.1000000000000001]],[[-0.29999999999999999],[-0.40000000000000002],[0.5],[0.69999999999999996],[1.6000000000000001],[1.1000000000000001],[3.1000000000000001],[0.5],[0.10000000000000001]]]

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Rental prices for houses in Sydney and Melbourne have recovered more quickly than for other dwellings since the onset of COVID-19. Rental conditions for other dwellings remain subdued in Sydney and Melbourne. For the remaining capital cities, rents for houses and other dwellings have increased at a similar rate.

Rents, percentage change since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID) for houses and other dwellings
	Houses	Other dwellings
Sydney	-1.8	-5
Melbourne	-0.3	-3.2
Remaining six capital cities	3.8	3.5

Rents, percentage change since March 2020 quarter (pre-COVID) for houses and other dwellings

["","Houses","Other dwellings"]

[["Sydney","Melbourne","Remaining six capital cities"],[[-1.8],[-0.29999999999999999],[3.7999999999999998]],[[-5],[-3.2000000000000002],[3.5]]]

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Non-discretionary inflation more than double Discretionary inflation

Non-discretionary annual inflation is higher than the CPI and more than twice the rate of Discretionary inflation. Non-discretionary inflation includes goods and services that households are less likely to reduce their consumption of, such as food, automotive fuel, housing and health costs.

CPI, Non-discretionary & Discretionary: Annual movements (%)
	December quarter 2021
CPI	3.5
Non-discretionary inflation	4.5
Discretionary inflation	1.9

CPI, Non-discretionary & Discretionary: Annual movements (%)

["","December quarter 2021"]

[["CPI","Non-discretionary inflation","Discretionary inflation"],[[3.5],[4.5],[1.8999999999999999]]]

[]

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Main contributors to change

CPI groups

Weighted average of eight capital cities, percentage change from previous quarter
Groups	Percentage change from previous quarter	All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter
All groups CPI		1.3
Food and non-alcoholic beverages	0.7
Alcohol and tobacco	0.9
Clothing and footwear	2.6
Housing	1.8
Furnishings, household equipment and services	1.1
Health	-0.3
Transport	2.8
Communication	0.1
Recreation and culture	1.5
Education	0.1
Insurance and financial services	1.2

Weighted average of eight capital cities, percentage change from previous quarter

["Groups","Percentage change from previous quarter","All groups CPI Percentage change from previous quarter"]

[["All groups CPI","Food and non-alcoholic beverages","Alcohol and tobacco","Clothing and footwear","Housing","Furnishings, household equipment and services","Health","Transport","Communication","Recreation and culture","Education","Insurance and financial services"],[[null],[0.69999999999999996],[0.90000000000000002],[2.6000000000000001],[1.8],[1.1000000000000001],[-0.29999999999999999],[2.7999999999999998],[0.10000000000000001],[1.5],[0.10000000000000001],[1.2]],[[1.3],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null],[null]]]

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Food and non-alcoholic beverages group (+0.7%)

Meals out and takeaway food rose 1.0% as the easing of restrictions saw restaurants and cafes review their prices to reflect higher input costs. The NSW Government's 'Dine & Discover' voucher scheme partially offset the rise as it had the effect of reducing out of pocket costs.
Dairy and related products rose 1.7% due to price rises for cheese, milk and yoghurt.
Fruit (-1.2%) partially offset the rise due to favourable growing conditions for bananas and berries.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 0.6%. The main contributors were Restaurant meals (+1.2%), Vegetables (+1.7%) and Takeaway and fast foods (+0.8%).

Over the past twelve months the group rose 1.9%. The main contributors were Meals out and takeaway food (+2.4%), Vegetables (+6.1%) and Waters, soft drinks and juices (+2.2%).

Alcohol and tobacco group (+0.9%)

Tobacco (+2.1%) rose partially due to the flow-on effect of the Average Weekly Ordinary Time Earnings (AWOTE) excise increase of 1.4% that was applied on 1 September 2021. Since 2013, a 12.5% increase in the tobacco excise has led to strong rises each December quarter. 2021 was the first year since 2013 not to have the 12.5% excise tax increase applied.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 0.9%. The main contributor was Tobacco (+1.3%).

Over the past twelve months the group rose 1.1%. This was the smallest annual rise for the group since 1997. The annual movement for tobacco fell from 9.8% in the September 2021 quarter, to 1.1% in the December 2021 quarter due to the ending of the 12.5% excise tax increase, in place since 2013.

Tobacco movement (%)
	Quarter	Annual
Dec-16	7.4	13.2
Mar-17	1	13.3
Jun-17	1	12.1
Sep-17	4.1	14.1
Dec-17	8.5	15.2
Mar-18	0.4	14.5
Jun-18	2.8	16.6
Sep-18	1.8	14
Dec-18	9.4	15
Mar-19	-0.7	13.8
Jun-19	2.4	13.4
Sep-19	3.4	15.1
Dec-19	8.4	14
Mar-20	2	17.1
Jun-20	2.7	17.4
Sep-20	3.2	17.1
Dec-20	10.9	19.9
Mar-21	-0.6	16.8
Jun-21	0.5	14.3
Sep-21	-0.9	9.8
Dec-21	2.1	1.1

Tobacco movement (%)

["","Quarter","Annual"]

[["Dec-16","Mar-17","Jun-17","Sep-17","Dec-17","Mar-18","Jun-18","Sep-18","Dec-18","Mar-19","Jun-19","Sep-19","Dec-19","Mar-20","Jun-20","Sep-20","Dec-20","Mar-21","Jun-21","Sep-21","Dec-21"],[[7.4000000000000004],[1],[1],[4.0999999999999996],[8.5],[0.40000000000000002],[2.7999999999999998],[1.8],[9.4000000000000004],[-0.69999999999999996],[2.3999999999999999],[3.3999999999999999],[8.4000000000000004],[2],[2.7000000000000002],[3.2000000000000002],[10.9],[-0.59999999999999998],[0.5],[-0.90000000000000002],[2.1000000000000001]],[[13.199999999999999],[13.300000000000001],[12.1],[14.1],[15.199999999999999],[14.5],[16.600000000000001],[14],[15],[13.800000000000001],[13.4],[15.1],[14],[17.100000000000001],[17.399999999999999],[17.100000000000001],[19.899999999999999],[16.800000000000001],[14.300000000000001],[9.8000000000000007],[1.1000000000000001]]]

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Clothing and footwear group (+2.6%)

Garments for women rose 3.8% due to the arrival of new season summer stock and reduced discounting compared to the high levels seen in the September quarter.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 2.7%. The main contributor was Garments for women (+5.3%).

Over the past twelve months the group fell 0.3%. The main contributor was Garments for women (-1.7%).

Housing group (+1.8%)

New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers rose 4.2%. This is the largest rise since the September 2000 quarter following the introduction of the GST. Continuing strong demand for housing construction enabled builders to pass through increases in costs for both materials and labour. Government housing construction grants had less of an impact this quarter due to fewer grant payments compared to the September quarter 2021. These Government construction grants have the effect of reducing prices paid by households purchasing new dwellings.
The following graph shows the new dwellings series including and excluding government housing construction grants.

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupier, Australia (June 2020 = 100.0)
	Excluding Government Housing Construction Grants	Including Government Housing Construction Grants
JQ20	100.0	100.0
SQ20	100.6	100.5
DQ20	101.8	101.2
MQ21	103.1	101.1
JQ21	105.0	101.0
SQ21	108.2	104.3
DQ21	112.1	108.7

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupier, Australia (June 2020 = 100.0)

["","Excluding Government Housing Construction Grants","Including Government Housing Construction Grants"]

[["JQ20","SQ20","DQ20","MQ21","JQ21","SQ21","DQ21"],[[100],[100.59999999999999],[101.8],[103.09999999999999],[105],[108.2],[112.09999999999999]],[[100],[100.5],[101.2],[101.09999999999999],[101],[104.3],[108.7]]]

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Maintenance and repair of the dwelling rose 2.4%. This was the largest quarterly rise since the September quarter 2000. The rise was mainly driven by increases in timber, hardware and paint prices due to supply shortages and strong demand stemming from heightened construction activity.
Rents rose 0.1% with the continuation of subdued rental conditions in Sydney and Melbourne offsetting the strength in the other capital cities. Sydney and Melbourne continue to record higher vacancy rates compared to the remaining capital cities.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 1.9%. The main contributor was New dwelling purchases by owner occupiers (+4.2%).

Over the past twelve months the group rose 4.0%. The main contributor to the rise was New dwelling purchases by owner occupiers (+7.5%).

Furnishings, household equipment and services group (+1.1%)

This group includes household furnishings and services provided to households, including child care.

Other non-durable household products (+3.7%) rose due to price rises for toilet paper.
Domestic and household services (+1.3%) rose due to price increases for hairdressing and gardening services, as well as child care (+0.9%).

In seasonally adjusted terms the group rose 1.4%. The main contributor was Other non-durable household products (+3.7%).

Over the past twelve months the group rose 3.6%. The main contributor to the rise was Furniture (+5.7%).

Health group (-0.3%)

Pharmaceutical products (-1.3%) and Medical and hospital services (-0.2%) fell due to an increase in the proportion of consumers who qualify for subsidies under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and Medicare Benefits Scheme (MBS).

In seasonally adjusted terms the group rose 0.8%. Medical and hospital services (+1.0%) was the main contributor.

Over the past twelve months the group rose 3.3%. Medical and hospital services (+4.3%) was the main contributor due to increases in Private Health Insurance premiums.

Transport group (+2.8%)

Automotive fuel rose 6.6% due to increased global demand for oil as COVID-19 restrictions continued to ease and global oil supply remained limited. Fuel prices reached record levels in the December quarter.
Motor vehicles rose 1.9% due to supply constraints restricting global supply chains, coupled with strong domestic demand.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 2.9%. The main contributor was Automotive fuel (6.6%).

Over the past twelve months the group rose 12.5%. Automotive fuel (+32.3%) and Motor vehicles (+6.3%) were the main contributors.

Average price of unleaded petrol (91 octane), cents per litre
Quarter	Daily average price of ULP	Quarterly average price of ULP
Mar-20	143.47	139.4
Mar-20	142.05	139.4
Mar-20	143.51	139.4
Mar-20	144.1	139.4
Mar-20	143.14	139.4
Mar-20	142.35	139.4
Mar-20	147.04	139.4
Mar-20	148.26	139.4
Mar-20	148.76	139.4
Mar-20	150.68	139.4
Mar-20	151.82	139.4
Mar-20	152.58	139.4
Mar-20	153.56	139.4
Mar-20	160.44	139.4
Mar-20	160.93	139.4
Mar-20	159.34	139.4
Mar-20	156.06	139.4
Mar-20	152.74	139.4
Mar-20	152.96	139.4
Mar-20	153.27	139.4
Mar-20	156.21	139.4
Mar-20	154.07	139.4
Mar-20	150.76	139.4
Mar-20	147.86	139.4
Mar-20	145.34	139.4
Mar-20	143.34	139.4
Mar-20	140.93	139.4
Mar-20	143.97	139.4
Mar-20	142.05	139.4
Mar-20	139.27	139.4
Mar-20	136.99	139.4
Mar-20	134.75	139.4
Mar-20	133.32	139.4
Mar-20	133.58	139.4
Mar-20	137.42	139.4
Mar-20	140.03	139.4
Mar-20	141	139.4
Mar-20	140.75	139.4
Mar-20	139.68	139.4
Mar-20	139.14	139.4
Mar-20	140.8	139.4
Mar-20	148.04	139.4
Mar-20	155	139.4
Mar-20	155.72	139.4
Mar-20	154.9	139.4
Mar-20	151.05	139.4
Mar-20	149.19	139.4
Mar-20	148.68	139.4
Mar-20	149.08	139.4
Mar-20	148.64	139.4
Mar-20	148.03	139.4
Mar-20	146.74	139.4
Mar-20	143.23	139.4
Mar-20	141.4	139.4
Mar-20	139.24	139.4
Mar-20	138.32	139.4
Mar-20	138.32	139.4
Mar-20	135.79	139.4
Mar-20	133.38	139.4
Mar-20	132.29	139.4
Mar-20	130.19	139.4
Mar-20	129.13	139.4
Mar-20	129.85	139.4
Mar-20	130.99	139.4
Mar-20	130	139.4
Mar-20	128.24	139.4
Mar-20	126.84	139.4
Mar-20	125.77	139.4
Mar-20	124.51	139.4
Mar-20	125.58	139.4
Mar-20	127.66	139.4
Mar-20	128.62	139.4
Mar-20	126.8	139.4
Mar-20	126.52	139.4
Mar-20	125.8	139.4
Mar-20	124.13	139.4
Mar-20	126.83	139.4
Mar-20	130.21	139.4
Mar-20	129.75	139.4
Mar-20	130.71	139.4
Mar-20	129.01	139.4
Mar-20	128.6	139.4
Mar-20	128.67	139.4
Mar-20	129.49	139.4
Mar-20	128.72	139.4
Mar-20	126.57	139.4
Mar-20	124.31	139.4
Mar-20	120.56	139.4
Mar-20	119.09	139.4
Mar-20	120.37	139.4
Mar-20	126.52	139.4
Jun-20	120.09	110.49
Jun-20	119.78	110.49
Jun-20	119.32	110.49
Jun-20	116.25	110.49
Jun-20	114.25	110.49
Jun-20	112.68	110.49
Jun-20	112.09	110.49
Jun-20	115.44	110.49
Jun-20	113.45	110.49
Jun-20	109.81	110.49
Jun-20	107.68	110.49
Jun-20	104.83	110.49
Jun-20	102.6	110.49
Jun-20	102.49	110.49
Jun-20	106.21	110.49
Jun-20	106.2	110.49
Jun-20	105.35	110.49
Jun-20	103.15	110.49
Jun-20	101.26	110.49
Jun-20	99.81	110.49
Jun-20	97.92	110.49
Jun-20	102.46	110.49
Jun-20	100.48	110.49
Jun-20	97.4	110.49
Jun-20	95.2	110.49
Jun-20	93.6	110.49
Jun-20	92.46	110.49
Jun-20	92.3	110.49
Jun-20	99.76	110.49
Jun-20	100.14	110.49
Jun-20	100.92	110.49
Jun-20	99.41	110.49
Jun-20	97.79	110.49
Jun-20	96.2	110.49
Jun-20	96.84	110.49
Jun-20	104.13	110.49
Jun-20	105.24	110.49
Jun-20	104.7	110.49
Jun-20	103.87	110.49
Jun-20	106.28	110.49
Jun-20	107.45	110.49
Jun-20	108.53	110.49
Jun-20	115.18	110.49
Jun-20	115.28	110.49
Jun-20	113.44	110.49
Jun-20	111.11	110.49
Jun-20	109.38	110.49
Jun-20	108.72	110.49
Jun-20	107.36	110.49
Jun-20	112.29	110.49
Jun-20	110.92	110.49
Jun-20	108.91	110.49
Jun-20	108.18	110.49
Jun-20	109.05	110.49
Jun-20	108.43	110.49
Jun-20	107.38	110.49
Jun-20	112.49	110.49
Jun-20	110.94	110.49
Jun-20	109.06	110.49
Jun-20	108.05	110.49
Jun-20	106.64	110.49
Jun-20	106.22	110.49
Jun-20	105.39	110.49
Jun-20	111.61	110.49
Jun-20	112.48	110.49
Jun-20	112.47	110.49
Jun-20	112.6	110.49
Jun-20	116.41	110.49
Jun-20	117.87	110.49
Jun-20	119.12	110.49
Jun-20	127.78	110.49
Jun-20	127.46	110.49
Jun-20	126.33	110.49
Jun-20	124.18	110.49
Jun-20	122.12	110.49
Jun-20	120.49	110.49
Jun-20	119.21	110.49
Jun-20	124.31	110.49
Jun-20	122.8	110.49
Jun-20	120.7	110.49
Jun-20	121.71	110.49
Jun-20	120.99	110.49
Jun-20	119.27	110.49
Jun-20	118.15	110.49
Jun-20	123.71	110.49
Jun-20	122.64	110.49
Jun-20	120.71	110.49
Jun-20	119.04	110.49
Jun-20	117.69	110.49
Jun-20	116.77	110.49
Jun-20	115.91	110.49
Sep-20	123.48	123.34
Sep-20	123.93	123.34
Sep-20	122.87	123.34
Sep-20	122.36	123.34
Sep-20	122.51	123.34
Sep-20	122.66	123.34
Sep-20	121.94	123.34
Sep-20	126.26	123.34
Sep-20	126.58	123.34
Sep-20	123.87	123.34
Sep-20	121.52	123.34
Sep-20	120.32	123.34
Sep-20	119.62	123.34
Sep-20	118.92	123.34
Sep-20	125.28	123.34
Sep-20	124.42	123.34
Sep-20	125.59	123.34
Sep-20	125.73	123.34
Sep-20	126.4	123.34
Sep-20	126.1	123.34
Sep-20	124.86	123.34
Sep-20	129.73	123.34
Sep-20	127.69	123.34
Sep-20	125.19	123.34
Sep-20	123.31	123.34
Sep-20	121.75	123.34
Sep-20	119.97	123.34
Sep-20	119.95	123.34
Sep-20	128.73	123.34
Sep-20	130.58	123.34
Sep-20	129.55	123.34
Sep-20	128.81	123.34
Sep-20	128.31	123.34
Sep-20	127.96	123.34
Sep-20	126.34	123.34
Sep-20	132.11	123.34
Sep-20	129.77	123.34
Sep-20	126.06	123.34
Sep-20	122.21	123.34
Sep-20	120.31	123.34
Sep-20	119.28	123.34
Sep-20	117.28	123.34
Sep-20	123.5	123.34
Sep-20	123.35	123.34
Sep-20	120.7	123.34
Sep-20	119.01	123.34
Sep-20	118.73	123.34
Sep-20	117.28	123.34
Sep-20	115.35	123.34
Sep-20	121.22	123.34
Sep-20	120.19	123.34
Sep-20	118.03	123.34
Sep-20	116.83	123.34
Sep-20	115.25	123.34
Sep-20	115.36	123.34
Sep-20	115.98	123.34
Sep-20	125.51	123.34
Sep-20	126.81	123.34
Sep-20	127.16	123.34
Sep-20	129.73	123.34
Sep-20	131.96	123.34
Sep-20	133.82	123.34
Sep-20	132.61	123.34
Sep-20	138.98	123.34
Sep-20	136.67	123.34
Sep-20	132.7	123.34
Sep-20	129.34	123.34
Sep-20	127.16	123.34
Sep-20	125.54	123.34
Sep-20	123.99	123.34
Sep-20	129.7	123.34
Sep-20	127.53	123.34
Sep-20	124.41	123.34
Sep-20	122.9	123.34
Sep-20	122.11	123.34
Sep-20	122.45	123.34
Sep-20	121.9	123.34
Sep-20	127.7	123.34
Sep-20	125.14	123.34
Sep-20	121.73	123.34
Sep-20	118.45	123.34
Sep-20	116.03	123.34
Sep-20	113.89	123.34
Sep-20	112.46	123.34
Sep-20	118.99	123.34
Sep-20	117.13	123.34
Sep-20	114.71	123.34
Sep-20	113.61	123.34
Sep-20	114.84	123.34
Sep-20	114.33	123.34
Sep-20	113.86	123.34
Sep-20	120.61	123.34
Dec-20	121.94	123.17
Dec-20	119.99	123.17
Dec-20	117.63	123.17
Dec-20	116.02	123.17
Dec-20	114.17	123.17
Dec-20	115.26	123.17
Dec-20	122.57	123.17
Dec-20	122.48	123.17
Dec-20	120.71	123.17
Dec-20	117.84	123.17
Dec-20	117.5	123.17
Dec-20	118.85	123.17
Dec-20	118.37	123.17
Dec-20	126.17	123.17
Dec-20	124.92	123.17
Dec-20	123.04	123.17
Dec-20	120.14	123.17
Dec-20	121.87	123.17
Dec-20	123.3	123.17
Dec-20	122.97	123.17
Dec-20	131.65	123.17
Dec-20	131.43	123.17
Dec-20	127.37	123.17
Dec-20	124.78	123.17
Dec-20	123.11	123.17
Dec-20	121.75	123.17
Dec-20	119.18	123.17
Dec-20	125.86	123.17
Dec-20	124.01	123.17
Dec-20	120.98	123.17
Dec-20	119.57	123.17
Dec-20	116.62	123.17
Dec-20	114.7	123.17
Dec-20	112.18	123.17
Dec-20	120.39	123.17
Dec-20	118.89	123.17
Dec-20	117.06	123.17
Dec-20	115.65	123.17
Dec-20	114.9	123.17
Dec-20	115.01	123.17
Dec-20	116.47	123.17
Dec-20	125.17	123.17
Dec-20	126.12	123.17
Dec-20	124.32	123.17
Dec-20	121.56	123.17
Dec-20	120.69	123.17
Dec-20	120.57	123.17
Dec-20	121.64	123.17
Dec-20	129.07	123.17
Dec-20	129.17	123.17
Dec-20	127.51	123.17
Dec-20	123.68	123.17
Dec-20	122.14	123.17
Dec-20	121.2	123.17
Dec-20	119.69	123.17
Dec-20	124.75	123.17
Dec-20	122.62	123.17
Dec-20	119.97	123.17
Dec-20	116.95	123.17
Dec-20	120.33	123.17
Dec-20	120.29	123.17
Dec-20	119.2	123.17
Dec-20	125.02	123.17
Dec-20	123.48	123.17
Dec-20	122.09	123.17
Dec-20	120.39	123.17
Dec-20	119.44	123.17
Dec-20	119.59	123.17
Dec-20	119.57	123.17
Dec-20	127.08	123.17
Dec-20	125.92	123.17
Dec-20	126.7	123.17
Dec-20	125.59	123.17
Dec-20	127.9	123.17
Dec-20	127.78	123.17
Dec-20	127.66	123.17
Dec-20	136.2	123.17
Dec-20	134.82	123.17
Dec-20	133.39	123.17
Dec-20	131.18	123.17
Dec-20	130.61	123.17
Dec-20	131.14	123.17
Dec-20	129.12	123.17
Dec-20	135.81	123.17
Dec-20	133.32	123.17
Dec-20	129.57	123.17
Dec-20	126.49	123.17
Dec-20	125.03	123.17
Dec-20	124.33	123.17
Dec-20	122.62	123.17
Dec-20	128.67	123.17
Dec-20	126.93	123.17
Mar-21	124.05	134.65
Mar-21	121.99	134.65
Mar-21	121.91	134.65
Mar-21	121.02	134.65
Mar-21	119.77	134.65
Mar-21	126.27	134.65
Mar-21	124.62	134.65
Mar-21	121.81	134.65
Mar-21	118.93	134.65
Mar-21	116.93	134.65
Mar-21	115.33	134.65
Mar-21	114.65	134.65
Mar-21	122.98	134.65
Mar-21	123.21	134.65
Mar-21	122.8	134.65
Mar-21	121.92	134.65
Mar-21	124.08	134.65
Mar-21	126.91	134.65
Mar-21	130.31	134.65
Mar-21	143.78	134.65
Mar-21	145.93	134.65
Mar-21	144.05	134.65
Mar-21	140.15	134.65
Mar-21	138.55	134.65
Mar-21	138.38	134.65
Mar-21	134.67	134.65
Mar-21	142.97	134.65
Mar-21	140.19	134.65
Mar-21	136.35	134.65
Mar-21	133.46	134.65
Mar-21	133.08	134.65
Mar-21	134.81	134.65
Mar-21	133.3	134.65
Mar-21	138.63	134.65
Mar-21	136.33	134.65
Mar-21	133.76	134.65
Mar-21	130.69	134.65
Mar-21	128.64	134.65
Mar-21	126.19	134.65
Mar-21	124.86	134.65
Mar-21	131.19	134.65
Mar-21	130.98	134.65
Mar-21	129.67	134.65
Mar-21	128.05	134.65
Mar-21	128.99	134.65
Mar-21	129.18	134.65
Mar-21	128.79	134.65
Mar-21	140.03	134.65
Mar-21	137.74	134.65
Mar-21	136.1	134.65
Mar-21	133.23	134.65
Mar-21	132.06	134.65
Mar-21	133.44	134.65
Mar-21	133.28	134.65
Mar-21	140.37	134.65
Mar-21	139.26	134.65
Mar-21	137.11	134.65
Mar-21	134.67	134.65
Mar-21	134.37	134.65
Mar-21	138.3	134.65
Mar-21	139.88	134.65
Mar-21	152.01	134.65
Mar-21	150.21	134.65
Mar-21	147.86	134.65
Mar-21	145.24	134.65
Mar-21	143.43	134.65
Mar-21	140.28	134.65
Mar-21	139.47	134.65
Mar-21	147.05	134.65
Mar-21	144.28	134.65
Mar-21	141.38	134.65
Mar-21	139.04	134.65
Mar-21	139.73	134.65
Mar-21	138.24	134.65
Mar-21	137.56	134.65
Mar-21	146.58	134.65
Mar-21	144.61	134.65
Mar-21	142.07	134.65
Mar-21	138.98	134.65
Mar-21	137.08	134.65
Mar-21	135.86	134.65
Mar-21	134.97	134.65
Mar-21	143.23	134.65
Mar-21	142.47	134.65
Mar-21	140.59	134.65
Mar-21	138.46	134.65
Mar-21	138.92	134.65
Mar-21	140.5	134.65
Mar-21	140.49	134.65
Mar-21	152.74	134.65
Jun-21	152.77	143.59
Jun-21	152.09	143.59
Jun-21	150.28	143.59
Jun-21	148.09	143.59
Jun-21	146.88	143.59
Jun-21	145.64	143.59
Jun-21	152.89	143.59
Jun-21	151.64	143.59
Jun-21	149.68	143.59
Jun-21	147.52	143.59
Jun-21	146.02	143.59
Jun-21	145.23	143.59
Jun-21	143.01	143.59
Jun-21	149.2	143.59
Jun-21	145.88	143.59
Jun-21	143.44	143.59
Jun-21	140.61	143.59
Jun-21	139.77	143.59
Jun-21	138.65	143.59
Jun-21	136.73	143.59
Jun-21	143.31	143.59
Jun-21	141.38	143.59
Jun-21	139.83	143.59
Jun-21	137.87	143.59
Jun-21	138.18	143.59
Jun-21	136.77	143.59
Jun-21	136.25	143.59
Jun-21	142.99	143.59
Jun-21	141.75	143.59
Jun-21	140.66	143.59
Jun-21	138.01	143.59
Jun-21	137.67	143.59
Jun-21	139.11	143.59
Jun-21	140.86	143.59
Jun-21	147.93	143.59
Jun-21	148.97	143.59
Jun-21	147.31	143.59
Jun-21	143.14	143.59
Jun-21	142.23	143.59
Jun-21	142.47	143.59
Jun-21	144.56	143.59
Jun-21	150.51	143.59
Jun-21	148.79	143.59
Jun-21	146.56	143.59
Jun-21	144.04	143.59
Jun-21	145.28	143.59
Jun-21	144.36	143.59
Jun-21	143.58	143.59
Jun-21	149.83	143.59
Jun-21	148.13	143.59
Jun-21	144.78	143.59
Jun-21	141.62	143.59
Jun-21	140.28	143.59
Jun-21	138.67	143.59
Jun-21	137.47	143.59
Jun-21	144.56	143.59
Jun-21	142.93	143.59
Jun-21	140.86	143.59
Jun-21	138.34	143.59
Jun-21	138.48	143.59
Jun-21	139.07	143.59
Jun-21	138.63	143.59
Jun-21	148.28	143.59
Jun-21	146.88	143.59
Jun-21	145.12	143.59
Jun-21	141.87	143.59
Jun-21	141.37	143.59
Jun-21	141.8	143.59
Jun-21	141.23	143.59
Jun-21	149.76	143.59
Jun-21	147.83	143.59
Jun-21	144.01	143.59
Jun-21	140.15	143.59
Jun-21	138.7	143.59
Jun-21	138.86	143.59
Jun-21	137.5	143.59
Jun-21	145.33	143.59
Jun-21	142.81	143.59
Jun-21	140.5	143.59
Jun-21	137.41	143.59
Jun-21	136.48	143.59
Jun-21	136.98	143.59
Jun-21	137.73	143.59
Jun-21	145.91	143.59
Jun-21	146.55	143.59
Jun-21	145.42	143.59
Jun-21	144.04	143.59
Jun-21	144.79	143.59
Jun-21	147.2	143.59
Jun-21	149.51	143.59
Jun-21	159.02	143.59
Sep-21	162.45	153.85
Sep-21	160.61	153.85
Sep-21	157.35	153.85
Sep-21	157.12	153.85
Sep-21	157.01	153.85
Sep-21	156.96	153.85
Sep-21	162.82	153.85
Sep-21	159.83	153.85
Sep-21	156.45	153.85
Sep-21	153.23	153.85
Sep-21	153.19	153.85
Sep-21	152.73	153.85
Sep-21	151.02	153.85
Sep-21	155.64	153.85
Sep-21	153.12	153.85
Sep-21	150.64	153.85
Sep-21	147.37	153.85
Sep-21	145.62	153.85
Sep-21	144.48	153.85
Sep-21	143.82	153.85
Sep-21	152.44	153.85
Sep-21	150.94	153.85
Sep-21	148.88	153.85
Sep-21	146.37	153.85
Sep-21	147.6	153.85
Sep-21	147.76	153.85
Sep-21	147.97	153.85
Sep-21	159.09	153.85
Sep-21	157.75	153.85
Sep-21	155.2	153.85
Sep-21	152.93	153.85
Sep-21	151.96	153.85
Sep-21	149.99	153.85
Sep-21	148.79	153.85
Sep-21	157.87	153.85
Sep-21	155.94	153.85
Sep-21	153.78	153.85
Sep-21	151.18	153.85
Sep-21	152.41	153.85
Sep-21	154.61	153.85
Sep-21	155.07	153.85
Sep-21	163.59	153.85
Sep-21	160.96	153.85
Sep-21	156.89	153.85
Sep-21	153.24	153.85
Sep-21	151.33	153.85
Sep-21	151.74	153.85
Sep-21	150.52	153.85
Sep-21	158.13	153.85
Sep-21	155.74	153.85
Sep-21	153.05	153.85
Sep-21	149.49	153.85
Sep-21	149	153.85
Sep-21	150.5	153.85
Sep-21	149.24	153.85
Sep-21	157.11	153.85
Sep-21	153.77	153.85
Sep-21	150.68	153.85
Sep-21	147.4	153.85
Sep-21	146.23	153.85
Sep-21	144.92	153.85
Sep-21	145.68	153.85
Sep-21	152.29	153.85
Sep-21	150.24	153.85
Sep-21	148.66	153.85
Sep-21	146.68	153.85
Sep-21	147.66	153.85
Sep-21	148.51	153.85
Sep-21	148.96	153.85
Sep-21	159.15	153.85
Sep-21	158.84	153.85
Sep-21	157.59	153.85
Sep-21	155.78	153.85
Sep-21	155.91	153.85
Sep-21	157.56	153.85
Sep-21	157.34	153.85
Sep-21	164.77	153.85
Sep-21	162.29	153.85
Sep-21	160.72	153.85
Sep-21	157.92	153.85
Sep-21	156.53	153.85
Sep-21	157.71	153.85
Sep-21	154.99	153.85
Sep-21	164.26	153.85
Sep-21	162.89	153.85
Sep-21	159.76	153.85
Sep-21	156.44	153.85
Sep-21	154.98	153.85
Sep-21	154.12	153.85
Sep-21	152.28	153.85
Sep-21	155.77	153.85
Sep-21	154.14	153.85
Dec-21	152.25	164.21
Dec-21	150.85	164.21
Dec-21	150.61	164.21
Dec-21	149.45	164.21
Dec-21	148.87	164.21
Dec-21	158.38	164.21
Dec-21	159.22	164.21
Dec-21	160.44	164.21
Dec-21	161.95	164.21
Dec-21	161.21	164.21
Dec-21	160.73	164.21
Dec-21	161.02	164.21
Dec-21	162.48	164.21
Dec-21	164.06	164.21
Dec-21	165.44	164.21
Dec-21	165.03	164.21
Dec-21	166.09	164.21
Dec-21	167.87	164.21
Dec-21	167.33	164.21
Dec-21	174.41	164.21
Dec-21	174.89	164.21
Dec-21	174.79	164.21
Dec-21	174.07	164.21
Dec-21	174.12	164.21
Dec-21	173.82	164.21
Dec-21	172.54	164.21
Dec-21	171.12	164.21
Dec-21	169.88	164.21
Dec-21	168.59	164.21
Dec-21	167.43	164.21
Dec-21	166.6	164.21
Dec-21	165.78	164.21
Dec-21	164.5	164.21
Dec-21	170.44	164.21
Dec-21	168.77	164.21
Dec-21	167.92	164.21
Dec-21	167.42	164.21
Dec-21	167.56	164.21
Dec-21	166.5	164.21
Dec-21	166.71	164.21
Dec-21	166.26	164.21
Dec-21	165.12	164.21
Dec-21	164.35	164.21
Dec-21	163.18	164.21
Dec-21	162.36	164.21
Dec-21	162.01	164.21
Dec-21	161.76	164.21
Dec-21	170.88	164.21
Dec-21	170.68	164.21
Dec-21	169.94	164.21
Dec-21	169.93	164.21
Dec-21	171.65	164.21
Dec-21	172.78	164.21
Dec-21	174.03	164.21
Dec-21	176.83	164.21
Dec-21	176.19	164.21
Dec-21	174.34	164.21
Dec-21	171.87	164.21
Dec-21	170.44	164.21
Dec-21	169.75	164.21
Dec-21	166.76	164.21
Dec-21	172.84	164.21
Dec-21	170.95	164.21
Dec-21	168.3	164.21
Dec-21	166.51	164.21
Dec-21	165.82	164.21
Dec-21	164.46	164.21
Dec-21	162.58	164.21
Dec-21	161.66	164.21
Dec-21	158.86	164.21
Dec-21	157.11	164.21
Dec-21	155.44	164.21
Dec-21	156.73	164.21
Dec-21	157.19	164.21
Dec-21	156.17	164.21
Dec-21	162.76	164.21
Dec-21	161.8	164.21
Dec-21	160.59	164.21
Dec-21	159.82	164.21
Dec-21	158.88	164.21
Dec-21	159.06	164.21
Dec-21	159.13	164.21
Dec-21	157.82	164.21
Dec-21	155.99	164.21
Dec-21	155.8	164.21
Dec-21	154.02	164.21
Dec-21	153.73	164.21
Dec-21	151.95	164.21
Dec-21	151.16	164.21
Dec-21	157.91	164.21
Dec-21	159.76	164.21
Dec-21	160.05	164.21

Average price of unleaded petrol (91 octane), cents per litre

["Quarter","Daily average price of ULP","Quarterly average price of ULP"]

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Communication group (+0.1%)

Telecommunication equipment and services rose 0.1% this quarter with new model phones replacing discounted older models, while some phone plans also increased this quarter.

The group is not seasonally adjusted.

Over the past twelve months the group fell 0.5%.

Recreation and culture group (+1.5%)

Domestic holiday travel and accommodation rose 4.8% following the re-opening of state and territory borders and the commencement of the peak summer holiday period.
International holiday travel and accommodation rose 16.3% following the commencement of quarantine-free travel to overseas destinations such as America and Europe.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 0.3%. Audio, visual and computing equipment (+1.6%) was the main contributor.

Over the past twelve months the group rose 2.1%. Domestic holiday travel and accommodation (+2.4%) was the main contributor.

Education group (+0.1%)

Preschool and primary education (+0.1%) was the main contributor to the rise.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 0.4% this quarter.

Over the past twelve months, the group rose 0.6%. Preschool and primary education (+1.6%) was the main contributor.

Insurance and financial services group (+1.2%)

Other financial services (+1.5%) was the main contributor to the rise due to an increase in real estate agent fees.

In seasonally adjusted terms, the group rose 1.2%.

Over the past twelve months the group rose 2.2%.

International trade exposure - tradable and non-tradables

The tradables and non-tradables series measure the contribution of goods and services that are highly exposed to international trade influences (tradables), and those that are mostly influenced by domestic factors (non-tradables), to overall household inflation. Examples of tradables include automotive fuel, most food items, and clothing and footwear. Examples of non-tradables include housing and education.

Tradables (+1.4% quarter, +4.9% annual)

Tradable goods component rose (+1.4%) due to Automotive fuel (+6.6%).
Tradable services component rose (+5.1%) due to International holiday travel and accommodation (+16.3%).

Non-tradables (+1.2% quarter, +2.8% annual)

Non-tradable goods component rose (+1.9%) due to New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers (+4.2%).
Non-tradable services component rose (+0.7%) due to Domestic holiday travel and accommodation (+4.8%).

In seasonally adjusted terms, the tradables component of the All groups CPI rose 1.7% and the non-tradables component rose +1.2%.

Underlying inflation series

The Trimmed mean and the Weighted median provide measures of underlying inflation. These measures reduce the impact of irregular or temporary price changes in the CPI. For more information see Underlying Inflation Measures: Explaining the Trimmed Mean and Weighted Median.

In the December 2021 quarter:

The Trimmed mean rose 1.0%, following a rise of 0.7% in the September 2021 quarter.
Over the past twelve months to the December 2021 quarter, the Trimmed mean rose 2.6%, following a rise of 2.1% over the twelve months to the September 2021 quarter.
The Weighted median rose 0.9% following a rise of 0.8% in the September 2021 quarter.
Over the past twelve months, the Weighted median rose 2.7%, following a rise of 2.2% over the twelve months to the September 2021 quarter.

Seasonally adjusted analytical series

Seasonal adjustment is the process by which regular, calendar related effects are removed from the original series.

All groups CPI seasonally adjusted rose 1.3% for the quarter and 3.7% for the year.

Sep Qtr 2021 to Dec Qtr 2021 percentage change
		Original (%)	Seasonally Adjusted (%)
All groups CPI		1.3	1.3
Food and non-alcoholic beverages		0.7	0.6
Alcohol and tobacco		0.9	0.9
Clothing and footwear		2.6	2.7
Housing		1.8	1.9
Furnishings, household equipment and services		1.1	1.4
Health		-0.3	0.8
Transport		2.8	2.9
Communication(a)		0.1
Recreation and culture		1.5	0.3
Education		0.1	0.4
Insurance and financial services		1.2	1.2
International trade exposure series
	Tradables	1.4	1.7
	Non-tradables	1.2	1.2

a. Not seasonally adjusted

A detailed explanation of the seasonal adjustment of the All Groups CPI and calculation of the trimmed mean and weighted median measures is available in Information Paper: Seasonal Adjustment of Consumer Price Indexes, 2011 (cat. no. 6401.0.55.003). Revisions to the seasonally adjusted estimates can be the result of the application of concurrent seasonal adjustment, described on the methodology page.

Capital cities comparison

All groups CPI

All groups CPI, percentage change from previous quarter
All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter	Percentage change from previous quarter	Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter
Sydney	1.2
Melbourne	1.1
Brisbane	1.6
Adelaide	1.5
Perth	1.4
Hobart	2.2
Darwin	0.8
Canberra	1.0
Weighted average of eight capital cities		1.3

All groups CPI, percentage change from previous quarter

["All Groups CPI, Percentage change from previous quarter","Percentage change from previous quarter","Weighted average of eight capital cities percentage change from previous quarter"]

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All groups CPI, All groups index numbers and percentage changes
	Index number(a)	Percentage change
	Dec Qtr 2021	Sep Qtr 2021 to Dec Qtr 2021	Dec Qtr 2020 to Dec Qtr 2021
Sydney	121.6	1.2	3.1
Melbourne	121.4	1.1	2.5
Brisbane	122.6	1.6	4.3
Adelaide	120.4	1.5	3.3
Perth	119.4	1.4	5.7
Hobart	122.9	2.2	4.5
Darwin	118.2	0.8	6.0
Canberra	120.9	1.0	4.0
Weighted average of eight capital cities	121.3	1.3	3.5

a. Index reference period: 2011-12 = 100.0.

In all capital cities:

New dwelling purchase by owner-occupiers (+4.2%) rose in all capital cities. Continuing strong demand for housing construction enabled builders to pass through increases in costs for both materials and labour. Ongoing supply constraints for materials and labour in some cities also contributed to rising prices. The largest price rise was recorded in Hobart (+8.5%), followed by Adelaide (+6.8%) and Brisbane (+6.4%).
Automotive fuel increased (+6.6%) with strong rises seen across all capital cities during the quarter. Prices rose due to increased global demand for oil as a result of eased COVID-19 restrictions. The largest price rise was recorded in Hobart (+12.4%), followed by Darwin (+9.9%) and Perth (+9.4%).
Domestic holiday travel and accommodation (+4.8%) rose as border closures eased during the quarter, leading to increased demand for domestic airfares and accommodation. The largest price rises were recorded in Sydney (+7.8%), Perth (+5.3%) and Melbourne (+4.1%).

Capital city highlights:

At the All groups level, the CPI rose in all eight capital cities, ranging from 0.8% in Darwin to 2.2% in Hobart.

Sydney (+1.2%)

New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers (+3.4%).
Automotive fuel (+5.9%).
Domestic holiday travel and accommodation (+7.8%).

Sydney recorded an annual rise of 3.1%.

Melbourne (+1.1%)

New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers (+3.2%).
Automotive fuel (+5.4%).
Other financial services (+2.1%) rose, driven by real estate fees.

Melbourne recorded an annual rise of 2.5%.

Brisbane (+1.6%)

New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers (+6.4%).
Automotive fuel (+6.3%).
Motor Vehicles (+3.3%).

Brisbane recorded an annual rise of 4.3%.

Adelaide (+1.5%)

New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers (+6.8%).
Automotive fuel (+8.3%).
Tobacco (+2.2%).

Adelaide recorded an annual rise of 3.3%.

Perth (+1.4%)

New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers (+5.2%).
Automotive fuel (+9.4%).
Domestic holiday travel and accommodation rose (+5.3%).
Rents (+1.6%) rose due to historically low vacancy rates resulting in price rises.

Perth recorded an annual rise of 5.7%.

Hobart (+2.2%)

Hobart recorded the largest rise of all capital cities.

New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers (+8.5%).
Automotive fuel (+12.4%).
Electricity (+16.0%) prices returned to normal levels after the one-off $125 winter energy bill supplement for concession customers was applied in the previous quarter.
Rents (+1.1%) rose due to historically low vacancy rates resulting in price rises.

Hobart recorded an annual rise of 4.5%.

Darwin (+0.8%)

Darwin recorded the smallest rise of all capital cities.

Automotive fuel (+9.9%)
Rents (+3.1%) rose due to continued strong levels of demand and low vacancy rates.
Domestic holiday travel and accommodation (-20.3%) fell, with domestic airfares decreasing for the wet (off-peak) season. Additionally, borders remained closed until late in the quarter.

Darwin recorded an annual rise of 6.0%.

Canberra (+1.0%)

Automotive fuel (+9.3%).
New dwelling purchase by owner occupiers (+3.0%)
Electricity (-5.7%) fell due to a one-off $200 rebate for concession customers.

Canberra recorded an annual rise of 4.0%.

Quarterly percentage change by capital city
Group	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
All groups	1.2	1.1	1.6	1.5	1.4	2.2	0.8	1.0	1.3
Food & non-alcoholic beverages	0.6	0.5	0.8	0.7	0.5	1.2	0.6	0.9	0.7
Alcohol & tobacco	1.2	0.7	1.0	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.8	1.1	0.9
Clothing & footwear	2.9	1.6	3.6	1.6	3.8	1.7	2.4	1.3	2.6
Housing	1.3	1.7	2.7	2.6	2.4	5.5	1.2	0.7	1.8
Furnishings, household equipment and services	1.0	1.0	1.2	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.3	2.2	1.1
Health	-0.3	-0.2	-0.3	-0.3	-0.4	-0.3	1.1	-1.6	-0.3
Transport	2.6	2.0	3.6	3.4	3.8	5.2	3.9	3.9	2.8
Communication	0.1	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.1
Recreation & culture	2.1	1.3	0.9	1.0	1.4	0.7	-4.1	-0.1	1.5
Education	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1
Insurance & financial services	0.3	1.8	0.7	3.1	1.9	0.5	1.3	0.5	1.2

Selected tables - capital cities

All groups CPI, index numbers(a)

All groups CPI, Index numbers(a)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2021 December	121.6	121.4	122.6	120.4	119.4	122.9	118.2	120.9	121.3
2021 September	120.2	120.1	120.7	118.6	117.7	120.2	117.3	119.7	119.7
2021 June	119.4	119.1	119.2	117.8	116.8	119.8	115.6	118.2	118.8
2021 March	118.5	118.8	118.2	117.2	114.6	118.5	114.4	117.3	117.9
2020 December	118.0	118.4	117.5	116.5	113.0	117.6	111.5	116.3	117.2
2020 September	116.8	116.7	116.2	115.7	114.1	116.7	110.8	115.4	116.2
2020 June	114.7	115.7	113.6	114.6	112.1	115.6	109.0	112.8	114.4
2020 March	117.4	117.8	116.2	115.8	113.5	117.2	111.8	115.5	116.6
2019 December	117.1	116.9	116.3	115.4	113.1	116.7	111.5	115.0	116.2
2019 September	116.5	115.9	115.5	114.5	112.6	114.7	111.3	114.3	115.4
2019 June	115.9	115.3	114.8	113.7	112.0	114.1	111.0	113.5	114.8
2019 March	115.1	114.7	114.1	113.1	111.2	113.4	110.1	113.2	114.1
2018 December	115.2	114.6	114.0	113.0	111.3	113.6	111.0	113.1	114.1
2018 September	114.7	114.0	113.4	112.4	110.8	112.2	110.8	112.3	113.5
2018 June	114.0	113.8	112.9	112.1	110.2	111.5	110.1	111.6	113.0
2018 March	113.6	113.3	112.4	111.6	110.0	111.1	109.7	111.2	112.6
2017 December	113.3	112.3	112.3	111.2	109.9	110.3	109.7	110.3	112.1
2017 September	112.5	111.5	111.4	110.4	109.5	109.2	109.4	109.6	111.4
2017 June	111.7	111.0	111.0	109.2	109.0	108.9	108.8	108.6	110.7
2020-21	118.2	118.3	117.8	116.8	114.6	118.2	113.1	116.8	117.5
2019-20	116.4	116.6	115.4	115.1	112.8	116.1	110.9	114.4	115.7
2018-19	115.2	114.7	114.1	113.1	111.3	113.3	110.7	113.0	114.1

a. Unless otherwise specified, reference period of each index: 2011-12 = 100.0.

All groups CPI, percentage changes

Percentage change (from previous financial year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2020-21	1.5	1.4	2.1	1.5	1.6	1.8	2.0	2.1	1.6
2019-20	1.0	1.7	1.2	1.8	1.3	2.4	0.2	1.2	1.3
2018-19	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.3	2.5	0.9	2.1	1.6

Percentage change (from corresponding quarter of previous year)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2021 December	3.1	2.5	4.3	3.3	5.7	4.5	6.0	4.0	3.5
2021 September	2.9	2.9	3.9	2.5	3.2	3.0	5.9	3.7	3.0
2021 June	4.1	2.9	4.9	2.8	4.2	3.6	6.1	4.8	3.8
2021 March	0.9	0.8	1.7	1.2	1.0	1.1	2.3	1.6	1.1
2020 December	0.8	1.3	1.0	1.0	-0.1	0.8	0.0	1.1	0.9
2020 September	0.3	0.7	0.6	1.0	1.3	1.7	-0.4	1.0	0.7
2020 June	-1.0	0.3	-1.0	0.8	0.1	1.3	-1.8	-0.6	-0.3
2020 March	2.0	2.7	1.8	2.4	2.1	3.4	1.5	2.0	2.2
2019 December	1.6	2.0	2.0	2.1	1.6	2.7	0.5	1.7	1.8
2019 September	1.6	1.7	1.9	1.9	1.6	2.2	0.5	1.8	1.7
2019 June	1.7	1.3	1.7	1.4	1.6	2.3	0.8	1.7	1.6
2019 March	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.1	2.1	0.4	1.8	1.3
2018 December	1.7	2.0	1.5	1.6	1.3	3.0	1.2	2.5	1.8
2018 September	2.0	2.2	1.8	1.8	1.2	2.7	1.3	2.5	1.9
2018 June	2.1	2.5	1.7	2.7	1.1	2.4	1.2	2.8	2.1
2018 March	2.1	2.2	1.7	2.3	0.9	2.0	1.1	2.4	1.9
2017 December	2.2	2.2	1.9	2.3	0.8	2.1	1.0	2.2	1.9

Percentage change (from previous quarter)
Period	Sydney	Melbourne	Brisbane	Adelaide	Perth	Hobart	Darwin	Canberra	Weighted average of eight capital cities
2021 December	1.2	1.1	1.6	1.5	1.4	2.2	0.8	1.0	1.3
2021 September	0.7	0.8	1.3	0.7	0.8	0.3	1.5	1.3	0.8
2021 June	0.8	0.3	0.8	0.5	1.9	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.8
2021 March	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.6	1.4	0.8	2.6	0.9	0.6
2020 December	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.7	-1.0	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.9
2020 September	1.8	0.9	2.3	1.0	1.8	1.0	1.7	2.3	1.6
2020 June	-2.3	-1.8	-2.2	-1.0	-1.2	-1.4	-2.5	-2.3	-1.9
2020 March	0.3	0.8	-0.1	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3
2019 December	0.5	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.4	1.7	0.2	0.6	0.7
2019 September	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.5
2019 June	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.3	0.6
2019 March	-0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	-0.1	-0.2	-0.8	0.1	0.0
2018 December	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	1.2	0.2	0.7	0.5
2018 September	0.6	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.4
2018 June	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4
2018 March	0.3	0.9	0.1	0.4	0.1	0.7	0.0	0.8	0.4
2017 December	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.4	1.0	0.3	0.6	0.6

Longer term series: all groups CPI, weighted average of eight capital cities, index numbers


	31 March no.	30 June no.	30 September no.	31 December no.
2021	117.9	118.8	119.7	121.3
2020	116.6	114.4	116.2	117.2
2019	114.1	114.8	115.4	116.2
2018	112.6	113.0	113.5	114.1
2017	110.5	110.7	111.4	112.1
2016	108.2	108.6	109.4	110.0
2015	106.8	107.5	108.0	108.4
2014	105.4	105.9	106.4	106.6
2013	102.4	102.8	104.0	104.8
2012	99.9	100.4	101.8	102.0
2011	98.3	99.2	99.8	99.8
2010	95.2	95.8	96.5	96.9
2009	92.5	92.9	93.8	94.3
2008	90.3	91.6	92.7	92.4
2007	86.6	87.7	88.3	89.1
2006	84.5	85.9	86.7	86.6
2005	82.1	82.6	83.4	83.8
2004	80.2	80.6	80.9	81.5
2003	78.6	78.6	79.1	79.5
2002	76.1	76.6	77.1	77.6
2001	73.9	74.5	74.7	75.4
2000	69.7	70.2	72.9	73.1
1999	67.8	68.1	68.7	69.1
1998	67.0	67.4	67.5	67.8
1997	67.1	66.9	66.6	66.8
1996	66.2	66.7	66.9	67.0
1995	63.8	64.7	65.5	66.0
1994	61.5	61.9	62.3	62.8
1993	60.6	60.8	61.1	61.2
1992	59.9	59.7	59.8	60.1
1991	58.9	59.0	59.3	59.9
1990	56.2	57.1	57.5	59.0
1989	51.7	53.0	54.2	55.2
1988	48.4	49.3	50.2	51.2
1987	45.3	46.0	46.8	47.6
1986	41.4	42.1	43.2	44.4
1985	37.9	38.8	39.7	40.5

a. nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)

Data downloads

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Time Series Spreadsheets

Data files

TABLES 1 and 2. CPI: All Groups, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
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TABLES 3 and 4. CPI: Groups, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities, Index Numbers and Percentage Changes
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TABLE 5. CPI: Groups, Index Numbers by Capital City
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TABLE 6. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class Contribution to Change in All Groups Indexes, by Capital City
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TABLE 7. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 8. CPI: Analytical Series, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 9. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Index Numbers by Capital City
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TABLE 10. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from corresponding quarter of previous year by Capital City
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TABLE 11. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Percentage change from previous quarter by Capital City
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TABLE 12. CPI: Group, Sub-group and Expenditure Class, Points Contribution, by Capital City
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TABLE 13. CPI: Group, Expenditure Class and Selected Analytical Series Index Numbers, Seasonally adjusted, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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TABLE 14. CPI: Expenditure Class, Combined seasonal adjustment factors, Weighted Average of Eight Capital Cities
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Article archive

Response to COVID-19

2021 weight update of the CPI and Living Cost Indexes, December 2021

Update to measuring the CPI in the September 2021 quarter, October 2021

Update to measuring the CPI in the December 2020 quarter, January 2021

The 2020 annual re-weight of the Australian Consumer Price Index, December 2020

Measuring the Consumer Price Index: September 2020 quarter update, October 2020

Measuring the Consumer Price Index during a time of COVID-19, July 2020

Note on the impact of COVID-19 on the Consumer Price Index, March quarter 2020

CPI feature articles

FAQs about the measurement of housing in the CPI and Living Cost Indexes, October 2021

Measuring Non-discretionary and Discretionary Inflation, May 2021

Automotive fuel in the CPI, March 2021

Non-Discretionary and Discretionary Inflation, November 2020

Web scraping in the Australian CPI, March quarter 2020

Quality Change in the Australian CPI, December 2019

Underlying Inflation Measures: Explaining the Trimmed Mean and Weighted Median, April 2019 (Chief Economist Series)

70 Years of Inflation in Australia, October 2018 (Chief Economist Series)

70 years of the Australian Consumer Price Index, September quarter 2018

The Australian CPI: A Contemporary Measure of Household Inflation, September quarter 2017

The average size and proportion of price changes in the CPI, September quarter 2017

What role does housing play in the Consumer Price Index and Selected Living Cost Indexes?, March quarter 2017

Potential Impact of Tropical Cyclone Debbie on the CPI, March quarter 2017

Consumer spending patterns and price change: How does electricity compare?, March quarter 2017

Measuring Price Change of Attached Dwellings in the CPI, December quarter 2016

Review of the Consumer Price Index International Trade Exposure Series, September quarter 2016

Australian Dietary Guidelines Price Indexes, December quarter 2015

CPI enhancements

An update on the Annual Re-weighting of the Australian CPI and Living Cost Indexes, August 2018

Towards an Australian Monthly CPI, June 2018 (Chief Economist Series)

An Implementation Plan to Annually Re-weight the Australian CPI, June 2017

An Implementation Plan to Maximise the Use of Transactions Data in the CPI, June 2017

Making Greater Use of Transactions Data to compile the Consumer Price Index, November 2016

Increasing the Frequency of CPI Expenditure Class Weight Updates, July 2016

Enhancing the Australian CPI: A roadmap, August 2015

The Use of Transactions Data to Compile the Australian Consumer Price Index, September quarter 2013

CPI 17th series review

The 2020 annual re-weight of the Australian Consumer Price Index, December 2020

Information Paper: Introduction of the Consumer Price Index Weight Update, December 2019

Consumer Price Index: Correspondence with 2015-16 Household Expenditure Classification 2017, January 2018

Consumer Price Index: Historical Weighting Patterns, 1948-2017, January 2018

A Guide to the Consumer Price Index: 17th Series 2017, January 2018

Consumer Price Index: 17th Series Weighting Pattern, November 2017

Information Paper: Introduction of the 17th Series Australian Consumer Price Index, 2017, November 2017

Using price indexes

Price indexes in contracts

Price indexes published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) provide summary measures of the movements in various categories of prices over time. They are published primarily for use in Government economic analysis. Price indexes are also often used in contracts by businesses and government to adjust payments and/or charges to take account of changes in categories of prices (Indexation Clauses).

Use of Price Indexes in Contracts that sets out a range of issues that should be taken into account by parties considering including an Indexation Clause in a contract using an ABS published price index.

Frequently asked questions

The Frequently Asked Questions page that has answers to a number of common questions to do with price indexes and the Consumer Price Index, in particular.

Previous catalogue number

This release previously used catalogue number 6401.0.

Methodology

Consumer Price Index, Australia methodology, December 2021

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