Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is becoming an invasive pest globally, and it causes significant yield losses in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, we demonstrated that sorghum and maize flavonoids affect survival of FAW larvae. Larvae reared on an artificial diet supplemented with sorghum flavonoids showed significant mortality and decreased body weight. When sprayed on leaves of susceptible maize lines, flavonoid extract effectively reduced the growth and increased the mortality of FAW larvae. As FAW is a major pest of maize, we further investigated the larval mortality when reared on maize lines overproducing flavonoids compared to their near-isogenic wild-type lines. The detached leaf assays showed significantly high mortality of larvae that were fed on flavonoid producer lines compared to wild type. The peritrophic membrane that protects the midgut was severely damaged in larvae fed on leaves of flavonoid producer lines compared to wild type. The effectiveness of the flavonoids as feeding deterrents by endogenous expression and exogenous application demonstrates the eco-friendly potential for the management of FAW larvae.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the staff of Penn State Russel E. Larson farm, Plant Science greenhouse, and Microscopy Core Facilities for their assistance.
Funding
This work was supported by USDA/NIFA awards 2019-70006-30442 to SC, JB, and GWF, 2020-67013-31918 to SC and GWF, AES awards 4780 and 4613 to SC, NESARE GNE19-195-33243 graduate student grant award to DC. DC was partially supported by an International Fellowship from ICAR, India, and a graduate assistantship from Plant Science Department, Penn State University.
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Chatterjee, D., Lesko, T., Peiffer, M. et al. Sorghum and maize flavonoids are detrimental to growth and survival of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. J Pest Sci 96, 1551–1567 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-022-01535-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-022-01535-y